Exista romani care nu stiu cine a fost Nicolae Ceausescu
by Ancheteonline September 23, 2010 58 comments1% dintre romani nu stiu cine a fost Nicolae Ceausescu, iar 8% nu au auzit de Gheorghe Gheroghiu-Dej, liderii cei mai reprezentativi pentru perioada comunista. 50% din participantii la un sondaj de opinie regreta perioada de dinainte de 1989, iar majoritatea apreciaza ca pozitive masurile luate de cei doi lideri comunisti.
Aproximativ jumatate dintre romani considera ca inainte de decembrie 1989 era mai bine in Romania decat in prezent, 41% declara ca regimul comunist nu a fost unul criminal, iar 61% considera comunismul o idee buna, releva un sondaj de opinie dat publicitatii joi de Institutul de Investigare a Crimelor Comunismului si Memoria Exilului Romanesc (IICCMER) si CSOP.
Specialistii de la CSOP declara ca aceste raspunsuri nu reprezinta o apologie a trecutului, populatia criticand mai mult situatia actuala.
Mai mult, 47% dintre romani considera comunismul o idee buna, dar aplicata prost, 14% o idee buna, care a fost bine aplicata, si doar 27% sustin ca a fost o idee gresita.
Si ceilalti parametrii ai sondajului arata o imbunatatire a imaginii comunismului in randurile populatiei.
Astfel, la intrebarea: daca ar fi sa caracterizati comunismul intr-un singur cuvant sau intr-o fraza scurta, 46% dintre cei intervievati au raspuns cu asocieri favorabile, 32 % asocieri nefavorabile, 5% cu asocieri neutre, in vreme ce 18% au raspuns cu nu stiu/nu raspund.
Pentru cei cu asocieri favorabile, comunismul este apreciat pentru serviciu asigurat/locuri de munca (10%), siguranta zilei de maine (8%), trai decent (8%), egalitate (5%), iar cei care au raspuns prin pareri nevaforabile, comunismul este asociat cu lipsa de libertate (9%), dictatura (7%), sistem gresit (5%), teroare/crima (2%), saracie/lipsa de alimente si produse (2%).
La intrebarea daca regimul comunist din Romania a fost unul ilegitim, care a ajuns si s-a mentinut la putere prin falsificarea vointei majoritatii cetatenilor, 42% au raspuns cu da, 31% cu nu, iar 27% nu stiu/nu raspund.
Semnificativ este faptul ca 41 % dintre romani considera ca regimul comunist nu a fost un regim criminal, 37% spun ca a fost un regim criminal, iar 22% nu stiu/nu raspund.
Respondentii care au aprecieri favorabile despre situatia de dinainte de decembrie 1989 asociaza comunismul cu: nu somaj/toti oamenii aveau un loc de munca (62%), trai decent (26%), toti oamenii aveau locuinta (19%), siguranta zilei de maine (12%), ordine si siguranta publica (11%), salarii bune (7%), invatamant gratuit de calitate (4%), disciplina si egalitate (4%); iar cei care au aprecieri devaforabile asociaza comunismul cu: nu libertate (69%), saracie (47%), lipsa informatii (11%), dictatura (6%), torturi/crime (4%).
Parerile romanilor despre fostii lideri comunisti sunt pe un trend pozitiv.
Astfel, Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej este apreciat de romani ca a facut bine si rau Romaniei (29%), a facut bine (21%), 9% declara ca acesta a facut numai rau, 8% nu stiu cine a fost Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, 11% nu ii intereseaza acest lucru, iar 23% nu raspund.
In cazul lui Nicolae Ceausescu, romanii declara ca acesta a facut si rau si bine Romaniei (46%), a facut bine Romaniei (25%), a facut rau (15%), 6% nu ii intereseaza acest lucru, iar 1% nu stiu cine a fost Nicolae Ceausescu.
La fel de importante sunt raspunsurile la intrebarea daca respondentii au suferit personal sau familia de pe urma regimului comunist: 78% nu, da (atat eu cat si familia mea) 4%, da (altcineva din familia mea) 6%, da (eu personal) 3%, nu stiu/nu raspund 10%.
Dintre romanii care considera ca a existat represiune, 45% au indicat ca responsabili pe cei cu functii in Partidul Comunist Roman, 44% pe cei cu functii de conducere in Securitate, 1% altcineva, iar 10% nu stiu/nu raspund.
La intrebarea cat de importanta este problema accesului la dosarele Securitatii, 49% au raspuns cu putin/deloc importanta, 40% importanta/foarte importanta..
De asemenea, romanii cred ca persoanele dovedite ca au colaborat cu Securitatea si ocupa acum functii publice ar trebui sa fie demisi (27%), sa isi dea demisia (21%), sa fie condamnate pentru declaratii false (16%), sa li se interzica pentru o perioada sa mai candideze (11%), sa ramana in continuare in functii (6%).
Sondajul mai releva ca 51% dintre romani ar fi de acord cu infiintarea unui Muzeu National al Dictaturii Comuniste, 52% pentru o zi nationala de comemorare a victimelor regimului comunist, cea mai indicata zi fiind 22 decembrie.
Sondajul a fost realizat in perioada 27 august-2 septembrie 2010, pe un pe esantion reprezentativ la nivel national pentru populatia de peste 15 ani, fiind chestionate 1.133 de persoane. Eroarea de reprezentativitate este de 2,9%, cu o probabilitate de 0,95.
Istoricii de la IICCMER declara ca imaginea relativ pozitiva a unor lideri ca Nicolae Ceausescu se explica prin faptul ca populatia nu a avut si nu are decat un acces limitat la acele informatii de natura sa clarifice responsabilitatile oficialilor comunisti in deciziile care au dus la crimele si abuzurile comise in perioada comunista.
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