Regimurile de slabire sunt nocive pentru sanatate

Regimurile de slabire sunt nocive pentru sanatate

Regimurile de slabire sunt nocive pentru sanatate

by November 26, 2010 28 comments

Pentru prima data, raportul unei agentii publice vorbeste despre carentele si dezechilibrele provocate de cincisprezece regimuri de slabire, analizate in detaliu. Raportul Agentiei nationale de securitate sanitara a alimentatiei (ANSES) din Franta afirma ca regimurile alimentare nu sunt lipsite de riscuri pentru sanatate, scrie ziarul Le Figaro in editia de joi.
Printre cele mai cunoscute regimuri care au fost analizate se afla Atkins, regimul californian, Cohen, Dukan, Fricker, Mayo, Montignac, Weight Watchers sau cel cu supa de varza.
‘O echipa de profesori si cercetatori cu inalta calificare a inceput prin selectionarea celor mai populare regimuri, apoi a calculat aportul nutritional al fiecaruia’, explica profesorul Gérard Lasfargues, directorul stiintific al ANSES. ‘Rolul nostru, in calitate de agentie publica, este de a alerta atunci cand exista vreun risc, potrivit acestuia. Mesajul nostru este foarte clar: aceste regimuri trebuie sa faca obiectul recomandarilor medicale si sa nu se practice automedicatia’.
La capatul unui an de studii, constatarea expertilor este fara drept de apel: toate aceste regimuri genereaza dezechilibre de macronutrienti (lipide, glucide, proteine), de vitamine si de minerale. In peste 80% dintre ele, aportul de proteine este mai mare decat aportul nutritional recomandat (ANC). De asemenea, in numeroase cazuri aportul de lipide depaseste nivelul maxim admis. In trei regimuri din patru, aportul de fibre este mai mic decat dozele recomandate.
La femei, se atinge foarte rar ANC de fier. Mai multe regimuri (Mayo, Montignac faza 2, Fricker 3) nu acopera necesarul de calciu, in timp de in doua faze din regimul Dukan, aportul este de doua ori mai mare decat ANC. Un alt exemplu este cel al regimului Dukan 1, care furnizeaza de doua ori mai mult sodiu decat este recomandat. Aportul de vitamina C este adesea foarte redus, mai ales in regimurile Dukan si Fricker, la fel si aportul de vitamina D, cu exceptia Dukan 2 si 3, in care el este de patru ori mai ridicat decat recomandarile.
Aceste modalitati de alimentare sunt periculoase pentru sanatate. ANSES afirma ca ele duc la scaderea masei minerale osoase si la cresterea riscului de fracturi. Se manifesta si o reducere a acizilor grasi polinesaturati ‘indispensabili’, riscul de calculi biliari la regimurile foarte hipocalorice si de cancer colorectal la regimurile sarace in glucide complexe si in fibre.
Presedintele acestui grup de lucru care a elaborat raportul, Jean-Michel Lecerf, director la institutul Pasteur din Lille, afirma, de asemenea, ca ‘in 95% dintre cazuri, in urma acestor regimuri, persoanele pun inapoi ce au dat jos, chiar mai rau, cei care nu aveau probleme de greutate inainte de regim pot sa ia in greutate si sa dezvolte tulburari de comportament alimentar’.
In final, raportul ANSES preconizeaza ‘o alimentatie echilibrata si diversificata’. In caz de supraponderalitate sau chiar de obezitate, specialistul trebuie sa intervina. ‘Fiecare regim trebuie adaptat la modul de viata si la contextul social si familial al fiecaruia’, concluzioneaza Gérard Lasfargues.

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